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拆解资本增值税常见谬误 以离港时物业市值计价

  • wongyip
  • 2024년 3월 28일
  • 3분 분량

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在英国诸多的税务术语当中,其中一个令最多香港人闻之色变的,相信就是资本增值税(Captial gain tax)。事关不少港人移英本钱,很大机会均是来自卖出香港物业,赚取数以百万甚至千万计的现金,然后举家移英,展开人生新篇章。但假如移英前并无为资本增值税做好准备或处理不当,移英本钱将有机会被削减,因为卖楼后获得的回报是有机会需要纳税,而其中衍生的一个大谬误,就是不少港人误以为英国会以出售物业时的当时市值作为计价,这个想法是大错特错。

三步骤计资本增值税

英国计算资本增值税的方法很直接,一共分为三个步骤,第一个步骤是计算收益(Gain),就是从业权持有人的卖出价减去买入价,其中产生的利润作为计算,假设陈先生(化名),于2017年在香港以400万元买入一个物业,然后在2021年移民英国,2023年以600多万元把物业卖出,扣除律师费、经纪佣金等,是次交易产生了至少200万元盈利,由于陈先生卖出物业时,已是英国税务居民,理论上这200万元盈利是需要纳税,即支付资本增值税。

第二步就是计算Taxable Gain,即同一税务年内,陈先生或有其他需要纳入计算资本增值税的交易,例如陈先生在该年度将某股票卖出,产生10万元盈利,这10万元也要连同卖楼所获的200万元一并计算。

至于这些盈利当中,他需要支付多少税项,就是第三个步骤,计算资本增值税。在这部分要视乎很多因素,例如要知道陈先生在英国属于哪个税级,才能计算出要支付多少税项,可能是盈利当中的18%或28%,不过无论如何,都难以算是一个小数目。由于每个个案的情况可以有很大分别,最妥善的方法还是找专业会计师咨询。

常见大谬误:以卖出物业市价作为计算因素

不少港人误以为英国计算资本增值税,是可以用卖出物业的当时市值作计算,例如陈先生在2023年以600万元卖出物业,他在卖出物业前先找估价行估价,估价行估计市价为650万元,陈先生以600万元卖出,以市价计是亏50万元,所以不用交税,这想法是错误的,因为英国政府不会考虑物业当时市值,这种计法在英国并不成立。

小心别与加拿大税制混淆

为什么会出现这个谬误?笔者估计原因有可能与加拿大移民政策有关。由于加拿大计算资本增值税时,是以业权持有人移民到加拿大「当时市值」计,并不会考虑最初买入价,两者落差自然可以很大。

想有效避免支付昂贵资本增值税,最好方法当然是移英前已卖出物业,并咨询专业人士做好Clean Capital,那就可以安心了。

英税有方法|维持自营vs开公司 哪样可以有效减税?(上)

香港正面临人才流失的问题,许多香港老板尊重员工移民的心愿之余,还「佛心」地让员工「带着份工」来英国,待他们移英后仍然可以继续为香港雇主服务。对员工来说,可以保持一定收入当然是好事,同时亦衍生出一个烦恼,就是应该保持自营个体的身份,还是开公司更为划算?

自营个体税级 vs 公司税级

在讨论该不该开公司前,首先可以比较两者交税的差别:

自营个体税率较高

单看税率,如果收入为£50,000水平上下,似乎两者税率相差不远,但一旦到了Higher rate 水平,自营个体的税率就会急升至40%,与公司税的19%有明显差距。而自营个体还需要供国民保险(NI Insurance),由于NI分了多个税级,基于纳税人的身份及情况有别,很难一概而论,理论上自营个体的税收会比开公司做老板更高,除了因为收入税(Income tax)加上NI的税率,还有一个原因,而这原因亦是开公司的好处。

开公司可以分摊税项?

开公司对股东个人而言,是可以分摊税项,即把盈利先留存在公司内,然后再分几年分红,透过分摊处理,降低每年的税务压力,因为公司在该税务年有多少盈利,都要在那年交税,这一点跟自营个体是一样的。不过开公司对股东个人而言,分红可以按当年的情况而调整以达到分摊的目的。

非所有自营个体都可以开公司减税

说到这里,是否所有自营个体都应该开公司而做到减税呢?事实上并不是这样,这个关乎对某些自营个体来说,是「不能也」非「不为也」,请留意下篇文章,我会继续跟大家探讨应该开公司还是保持自营的问题。


 
 
 

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Wong & Yip Accountants – Chartered Accountants in Manchester

Over 30 Years of Accounting & Tax Expertise

Wong & Yip Accountants is a firm of chartered certified accountants (ACCA & FCCA) based in Manchester, with over 30 years of professional experience. We specialise in accounting, taxation, VAT solutions, business advisory, and cross-border services.

Our mission is simple: to be the most professional, reliable, and trusted local accounting practice in the UK, helping clients grow with confidence.

 

Why Choose Wong & Yip Accountants?

  • 30+ Years of Experience – trusted by thousands of businesses across the UK and globally.

  • Trilingual Support – English, Native Cantonese, and Native Mandarin-speaking ACCA-qualified accountants

  • Specialists in the Oriental Market – we share your culture, language, and community.

  • Client-Centred Approach – “Clients First” is our philosophy. Every solution is tailored to your unique needs.

  • One-Stop Business Solutions – from UK tax compliance to cross-border e-commerce support.

 

Industries We Serve

Our clients range from small start-ups to multi-million-pound businesses with turnover between £20,000 and £5,000,000.

We serve a wide variety of industries, including:

  • Takeaways & Restaurants

  • Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners

  • Sourcing & Trading Agents

  • Cross-Border E-commerce (Amazon, eBay sellers, Shopify stores)

  • Law Firms & Legal Practices

  • Telecoms & Education Agents

  • Construction & Engineering

  • Printing & IT Services

  • Landlords, Taxi Drivers, Investors, and Translators

We also collaborate closely with law firms, immigration consultants, and financial asset managers, ensuring a comprehensive one-stop service for our clients.

 

Our Services

At Wong & Yip Accountants, we provide a full range of services, including:

  • Accounting & Bookkeeping

  • UK VAT Solutions & Compliance

  • Corporate Tax & Personal Tax Planning

  • Payroll & PAYE Management

  • Cross-Border E-commerce Solutions

  • Global IP & Trademark Advisory

  • Business Advisory & Management Consulting

Empower Your Global Ambition With Us – we combine technical expertise with cultural understanding to deliver results that help your business grow.

 

Recognition & Memberships

  • Member & Fellow Member of ACCA (Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, UK)

  • Trusted Tax Advisors for Amazon & eBay Sellers

  • Nominated for E-commerce Agent Awards – recognised for our efficient and diligent support of online sellers.

 

What Our Clients Say

“Wong & Yip Accountants is the most trustworthy firm. They are highly competent and always put my business interests first. I have complete confidence in them, and I have no hesitation in recommending them to you!”
— Sam Leung, Nougart

“Since moving our business to Wong & Yip Accountants, I’ve been impressed by their professionalism, friendly attitude, efficiency, and the consistently high standard of advice and service.”
— Chris, Wakuwaku Japan

“For nearly 30 years, we have benefited from first-class, bespoke payroll and business advisory services from Wong & Yip Accountants. Their combination of skill, efficiency, and professionalism—while remaining approachable—makes them an integral part of our team. We would have no hesitation in recommending their services.”
— Alex, UKTesla

“Wong & Yip Accountants took the time to truly understand our business from the inside. Their recommendations proved invaluable, transforming the way we work.”
— Kurl, Interpropset

“Wong & Yip Accountants are proactive and supportive in every new business venture, enabling me to make informed commercial decisions with confidence. We wouldn’t be where we are today without them. Highly recommended.”
— Tracy, Woodland International

 

Leadership

Henry Yip, BA, FCCA, HKICPA
Henry Yip is recognised as one of the UK’s leading experts in non-UK domicile taxation. With a strong entrepreneurial and commercial mindset, he has helped hundreds of clients succeed in their UK and international business ventures.

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曼城黄叶会计师事务所 是一家专业会计师事务所,办事处设于英国曼彻斯特。我们的团队由英国执业的 ACCA 特许公认会计师及香港执业的 HKICPA 注册会计师组成,成员均具备来自不同行业的丰富经验。我们结合英国与香港的最佳实践,为客户提供高效、全面且符合文化背景的会计解决方案。请随时与我们联系

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